Analyzing the Concept of Fairness in Polygamy through the Reference of Hadist Nabawi
Abstract
This research aims to analyze and understand the meaning and significance of the concept of " fairness" in the practice of polygamy based on the Prophet's hadith. Polygamy is a complex and controversial issue in contemporary society. The husband's unfair attitude towards his wife and children is often the cause of complicated problems in the practice of polygamy in Indonesia. The forms of husband's unfairness in polygamous marriages also vary, including in matters of food, clothing, shelter and division of days. Husband's unfairness is almost always a finding in research that discusses the problems and negative impacts of polygamous marriages in Indonesia. The results show that the concept of fairness in the practice of polygamy referred to in the traditions of the Prophet shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam and the explanations of the scholars include: (1) Fairness in the division of nights, overnight stays (qasm) and visits, although doing the division of nights the Prophet also gathered his wives at night and visited all of his wives during the day; (2) Fairness in providing maintenance which includes clothing, shelter and food; (3) Fairness in determining which wife to bring to accompany him on long trips by drawing lots; and (4) There is no obligation to be fair in matters of love and intercourse. This research is expected to provide a better understanding of the practice of polygamy in Islam and the concept of fairness applied.
References
Al-Quran Al-Karim
Abu Dāwūd, Sulaimān bin Al-Asy’ats. Sunan Abī Dāwūd. Beirūt: Dar Al-Risālah Al-’Ālamaiyyah, 2009.
Abubakar, Rifa’i. Pengantar Metode Penelitian. Yogyakarta: SUKA-Press UIN Sunan Kalijaga, 2021.
Al-Bukhāri, Abu Abdillāh Muḥammad bin Ismāīl. Ṣahīh Al-Bukhāri. Mesir: Al-Sulthāniyyah, 1893.
Al-‘Utsaimīn, Muḥammad bin Shālih bin Muḥammad. Asy-Syarhu al-Mumti’ ‘Alā Zādi al-Mustaqni.’ Saudi: Dar Ibnu Al-Jauzy, 2017.
Al-ʿAynī, Badruddīn Abū Muḥammad Maḥmūd ibn Aḥmad ibn Mūsā. Umdatu Al-Qāri Fi Syarhi Ṣahih Al-Bukhāri. Beirūt: Dār al-Kitāb al-’Ilmiyyah, 2001.
Asy-Syaukani, Muḥammad bin Shālih bin Muḥammad. Nail Al-Awṭar Syarh Muntaqa Al-Akhbār. Mesir: Dār Al-Hadits, 1993.
At-Tirmidżi, Muḥammad bin Īsa. Sunan At-Tirmidżi al-Jāmi’ al-Kabīr. Beirūt: Dār al-Garbi al-Islāmi, 1996.
Badan Pusat Statistik. Statistical Yearbook of Indonesia 2023. Jakarta: BPS-Statistics Indonesia, 2023.
Dozan, Wely. “Fakta Poligami sebagai Bentuk Kekerasan terhadap Perempuan: Kajian Lintasan Tafsir dan Isu Gender.” An-Nisa : Jurnal Studi Gender dan Anak 13, no. 1 (February 5, 2023): 739–49. https://doi.org/10.30863/annisa.v13i1.3978.
Fadli, Muhammad Rijal. “Memahami Desain Metode Penelitian Kualitatif.” Humanika, Kajian Ilmiah Mata Kuliah Umum 21, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 33–54. https://doi.org/10.21831/hum.v21i1.38075.
Fahmi, Muhammad Nurul, Winning Son Ashari, and Sucipto. “Peran Syariat Poligami dalam Mengatasi Problematika Hidup Wanita Pasca Perceraian dan Kematian Suami.” Al-Majaalis 9, no. 2 (May 20, 2022): 205–31. https://doi.org/10.37397/almajaalis.v9i2.209.
Hamdun, Ibnu, and Muh Saleh Ridwan. “Tinjauan Hukum Islam Tentang Dampak Poligami Terhadap Istri Di Kabupaten Gowa.” Qadauna: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Hukum Keluarga Islam 1, no. 1 (2019): 34–49. https://doi.org/10.24252/qadauna.v1i1.11426.
Ḥanbal, Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn. Musnad Al-Imām Aḥmad Ibn Ḥanbal. Beirūt: Mu’assasah ar-Risālah, 2009.
Hariati, Nina Agus. “Regulasi Poligami Di Indonesia Perspektif M. Syahrur Dan Gender.” Asy-Syari’ah : Jurnal Hukum Islam 7, no. 2 (June 25, 2021): 187–208. https://doi.org/10.55210/assyariah.v7i2.597.
Hazairin. Tinjauan Mengenai Undang-Undang Perkawinan No. 1 Tahun 1974 Dan Lampiran UU No. 1 Tahun 1974. Jakarta: Tintamas, 1975.
Ibnu Bāz, Abdul Aziz bin Abdullah. Majmū’ Fatāwa Wa Maqālāt Mutanawwi’ah. Riyādh: Dār Al-Qāṣim, 2000.
Ibnu Hajar, Aḥmad bin ’Ali Al-’Asqalāni. Fathu Al-Bāri Syarh Ṣahīh Al-Bukhāri. Kairo: Al-Mathba’ah Al-Salafiyyah, 2015.
Ibnu Hazm, Muḥammad bin Ismail. Marātib Al-Ijmā’. Damaskus: Dār Ibnu Katsīr, 1993.
Ibnu Qudāmah, Abdullāh bin Muḥammad. Al-Mughni. Turki: Dār Al-’Alam Al-Kutub, 1997.
Islamiyah, Noviriani Nur, Endang Supraptiningsih, and Stephani Raihana Hamdan. “Tinjauan Dampak Psikologis Perkawinan Poligami di Indonesia.” Prosiding Psikologi, no. 0 (August 5, 2018): 614–19. https://doi.org/10.29313/.v0i0.11379.
Ismail, Yusuf. “Praktik Poligami Pegawai Negeri Sipil Di Indonesia Dalam Teori Emile Durkheim.” Adhki: Journal of Islamic Family Law 5, no. 1 (July 24, 2023): 91–102. https://doi.org/10.37876/adhki.v5i1.124.
Karami, Bagja Auzan, and Umar Yusuf. “Studi Korelasi Hubungan antara Komitmen Pernikahan dengan Maintenance Behavior Pada Istri Pertama yang Dipoligami di Kota Cimahi.” Prosiding Psikologi, no. 0 (August 10, 2017): 949–55. https://doi.org/10.29313/.v0i0.7664.
Khafsoh, Nur Afni, Rukmaniyah Rukmaniyah, and Karina Rahmi Siti Farhani. “The Practice of Polygamy in Indonesia Within the Perspectives of M. Quraish Shihab, Hussein Muhammad, and Nasaruddin Umar.” Jurnal Sosiologi Reflektif 16, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 475–94. https://doi.org/10.14421/jsr.v16i2.2307.
Kholis, Nur, Jumaiyah Jumaiyah, and Wahidullah Wahidullah. “Poligami dan Ketidakadilan Gender dalam Undang-undang Perkawinan di Indonessia.” Al-Ahkam 27, no. 2 (October 12, 2017): 195–212. https://doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2017.27.2.1971.
Kurniawati, Andriana. “Dampak Psikologis Kehidupan Keluarga Pada Pernikahan Poligami.” Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, 2013.
Lahaling, Hijrah, and Kindom Makkulawuzar. “Dampak Pelaksanaan Perkawinan Poligami terhadap Perempuan dan Anak.” Al-Mujtahid: Journal of Islamic Family Law 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 80–90. https://doi.org/10.30984/jifl.v1i2.1742.
Mayangsari, Erdila. “Pendapat Tokoh Masyarakat Tentang Keluarga Sakinah, Mawaddah, Warahmah Pada Pelaku Poligami Yang Tinggal Dalam Satu Rumah (Studi Kasus Di Desa Carat Kecamatan Kauman Kabupaten Ponorogo).” Diploma, STAIN Ponorogo, 2016. http://etheses.iainponorogo.ac.id/1446/.
Muslim, Muslim bin Al-Hajjaj Al-Naisaburi. Ṣahīh Muslim. Mesir: Mathba’ah ‘Īsa, 1955.
Naseer, Sabila, Sehrish Farooq, and Farah Malik. “Causes and Consequences of Polygamy: An Understanding of Coping Strategies By Co-Wives in Polygamous Marriage.” ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry 22, no. 9 (December 17, 2021). https://doi.org/10.54615/2231-7805.47221.
Nisa, Nada Izzatun, and Muhammad Nurul Fahmi. “The Influence of Career Women’s Rejection of Polygamy on Children’s Personality (Case Studi in Batu Aji District, Batam City).” Jurnal Al-Qadau: Peradilan dan Hukum Keluarga Islam 10, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 97–111. https://doi.org/10.24252/al-qadau.v10i1.37931.
Noviana, Lia. “Praktik poligami tanpa izin Pengadilan Agama dan penerapan sanksi hukumnya: Studi pandangan hakim, ulama dan pegiat kesetaraan gender di Kabupaten Malang.” Masters, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim, 2012. http://etheses.uin-malang.ac.id/7767/.
Oduyoye, Mercy A, and Musimbi RA Kanyoro. The Will to Arise: Women, Tradition, and the Church in Africa. Eugene: Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2005.
Pakarti, Muhammad Husni Abdulah, Sofyan Mei Utama, Diana Farid, and Hendriana. “Peran Hukum Keluarga dalam Menghadapi Tantangan Poligami dalam Masyarakat Kontemporer.” At-Tahdzib: Jurnal Studi Islam dan Muamalah 11, no. 2 (September 30, 2023): 36–43. https://doi.org/10.61181/at-tahdzib.v11i2.303.
Pemerintah Indonesia. “Undang-Undang No. 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan,” n.d.
Rahmawati, Rahmawati, Wiwin Putriawati, and Leni Nurul Kariyani. “Dampak Poligami Bawah Tangan Terhadap Hak Anak Di Daerah Transmigrasi.” JISIP (Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Pendidikan) 5, no. 1 (January 14, 2021). https://doi.org/10.58258/jisip.v5i1.1720.
Romli, Dewani. “Poligami Dalam Perspektif Gender.” Al-Adyan: Jurnal Studi Lintas Agama 5, no. 1 (July 1, 2010): 105–13. https://doi.org/10.24042/ajsla.v5i1.478.
Sanusi, Anwar. Metodologi Penelitian Bisnis. Jakarta: Salemba Empat, 2016.
Sarosa, Samiaji. Analisis Data Penelitian Kualitatif. Kanisius, 2021.
Sarwono, Jonathan. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif & Kualitatif. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu, 2006.
Shaiful Bahari, Ismail, Mohd Noor Norhayati, Nik Hussain Nik Hazlina, Che Abd Aziz Mohamad Shahirul Aiman, and Nik Ahmad Nik Muhammad Arif. “Psychological Impact of Polygamous Marriage on Women And Children: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis.” BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 21, no. 1 (December 13, 2021): 823. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-04301-7.
Shepard, L. D. “The Impact of Polygamy on Women’s Mental Health: A Systematic Review.” Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 22, no. 1 (March 2013): 47–62. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796012000121.
Sugiyono. Memahami Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: Alfabeta, 2022.
———. Metodologi Penelitian Kombinasi (Mixed Metodologi). Bandung: Alfabeta, 2011.
Suliyanto. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif. Brebes: Universitas Peradaban, 2017.
Taqiyyudīn, Abu Bakr bin Muḥammad Asy-Syāfi’i. Kifāyatu Al-Akhyār Fi Halli Ghāyati al-Iktishār. Damaskus, 1994.
Yuliana, Nopi. “Dampak Poligami Terhadap Keharmonisan Keluarga (Studi Kasus Di Desa Surabaya Udik Kecamatan Sukadana Kabupaten Lampung Timur).” Undergraduate, IAIN Metro, 2018. https://repository.metrouniv.ac.id/id/eprint/1942/.
Zahro, Fatimatuz. “Analisis Hukum Islam Atas Dampak Poligami Terhadap Pemenuhan Hak-Hak Anak Dan Istri Di Kelurahan Celep Kecamatan Sidoarjo Kabupaten Sidoarjo.” Undergraduate, UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya, 2016. http://digilib.uinsa.ac.id/12477/.
Copyright (c) 2023 Abdul Rahman Ramadhan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
.png)
.png)
